Like other types of cancer, breast cancer can also metastasize alias spread to other body parts, such as the lungs, liver, brain, or bone.
Metastatic breast cancer is also called stage 4 breast cancer. Nearly 5 percent of women with breast cancer already have metastatic breast cancer when newly diagnosed.
These cancers generally appear several months or years after the initial diagnosis. The risk of breast spread to the bone becomes higher after breast cancer spreads to other body parts.
What happens when breast cancer spreads to the bone?
Normally, the bones that make up the skeletal body will always change. Old bone will be broken and replaced with new bone so that our bones remain healthy and strong.
Another case in cancer patients, cancer cells that spread to the bone can cause some parts of the bone structure to break without forming new bone. This makes the bones tend to be weak and prone to fractures.
Cancer can also cause new bones to grow even though old bones have not been damaged. It makes bones harder, but their abnormal structure makes bones at risk of fracture.
What are the symptoms if breast cancer has spread to the bone?
Bone pain is usually the first symptom of breast cancer that has spread to your bones. Bones can become weak and break easily. Cancer that grows in the spine can cause pressure on the spinal cord so it can disrupt the function of the intestine and bladder. In severe cases, tumors in certain areas of the spine may also cause paralysis.
Other symptoms can be found in your blood. Cancer can cause the bone to release calcium into the bloodstream in an amount higher than normal levels (hypercalcemia). It is characterized by the appearance of nausea, loss of appetite, thirst, and constipation. You will be easily drowsy and even dazed. Hypercalcaemia may cause coma if not treated promptly.
If you have breast cancer and bone pain, doctors usually recommend imaging tests, including X-rays or bone scans (scintigraphy). Other imaging tests that may be recommended are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized cosmography (CT), or positron emission tomography (PET). This test will help diagnosis and removal of the tumor.
Can breast cancer be treated if it has spread to the bone?
Many primary breast cancer treatments can be used to treat metastasis to bone. The treatment aims to stop the spread of the tumor, and shrink or remove the existing tumor. The treatment given depends on the type of breast cancer when the cancer condition has spread to the bone.
If you have any type of breast cancer that requires hormonal therapy, you may be advised to continue. Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment that can effectively kill breast cancer cells throughout your body. This treatment can be given intravenously or in pill form.
Alternatively, you can also undergo radiation therapy that specifically targets breast cancer cells. This therapy can shrink tumors, strengthen bones, and reduce pain.
In addition, your doctor may prescribe some bone boosting drugs. Some drugs are given intravenously, and the rest is taken straight away. Metal bars can also be planted through surgery to support weak bones.
In addition to metal bars, bone can also be stabilized with metal plates, screws, or cement.
Different types of treatment are usually combined for best results. The treatment plan will be tailored to the body's response to the treatment.
In addition to treating breast cancer, doctors can prescribe medications to help control pain, discomfort, and reduce fatigue. Physical therapy can strengthen bones, reduce pain, and help you move more efficiently. Using a walking stick or walker can reduce the pressure on the weak bones.
Researchers are always looking for new methods to treat metastatic breast cancer. One way to test new therapies is through clinical trials. Not just anyone can undergo new therapy. Therefore, oncology will tell you about the right clinical treatment options.
Jumat, 15 Desember 2017
Can Still Cure If Breast Cancer Entering Stage 4?
Patients with stage 4 breast cancer are considered incurable. However, treatment should still be run to improve the quality of life of patients. Usually, breast cancer patients will be given a prognosis by a doctor. What is the prognosis? Check out the following reviews.
Overview of prognosis
Prognosis is the possibility of patients to recover from breast cancer. Many treatments that can help breast cancer patients live longer and even healed. Even so, breast cancer can also return or spread to other body parts after treatment.
The prognosis can be performed by the physician by considering many factors, such as:
Stage 4 breast cancer is the most serious stage because most cancer cells have metastasized alias spread to other body parts, such as bones, lungs, liver, lymph nodes, skin, or even your brain.
Reporting from Healthline, National Breast Cancer Foundation, explained that the symptoms of stage 4 cancer is highly dependent on the extent to which cancer cells have spread in the body. Although cancer has metastasized and can not be cured, patients still have to do the treatment. By receiving the right treatment can certainly improve the quality of life of patients, such as chemotherapy, radiation, or immune therapy.
Doctors will also generally recommend palliative treatment, a treatment that prioritizes patient comfort even though he suffered from chronic diseases such as cancer. The procedure is to ensure patients get painkillers, provide nutritional counseling, train relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, and others. In essence, this treatment aims to improve the quality of life of patients.
To determine the prognosis in stage 4 breast cancer patients, usually the doctor will see the age, health and hormone receptor with cancer cells (immune system), the type of tissue affected by cancer, the attitude and outlook of the patient against the illness he suffered. Not only depends on the disease, but also on the spirit of the patient in motivating themselves to heal. According to the University of
Maryland Medical Center (UMMC), there are some general facts that can help to know the prognosis, such as:
The survival rate of stage 4 breast cancer patients
The survival of breast cancer patients is not exactly predictable. However, experts continue to do many ways to improve patient survival. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), breast cancer patients have a 22 percent chance of surviving for five years after an advanced diagnosis. This percentage is much lower than early-stage breast cancer.
In stage 3 breast cancer, the relative five-year survival rate is 72%, whereas in stage 2 it is 90%. Because survival rates of stage 4 cancer patients are lower than others, early treatment is very important to do.
Overview of prognosis
Prognosis is the possibility of patients to recover from breast cancer. Many treatments that can help breast cancer patients live longer and even healed. Even so, breast cancer can also return or spread to other body parts after treatment.
The prognosis can be performed by the physician by considering many factors, such as:
- Size of breast cancer
- Breast cancer stage; whether the cancer is only in the breast or has spread to the lymph nodes or other places in the body.
- Type of breast cancer
- Stent hormone receptor cancer
- HER2 Status
- How likely the cancer could recur
- Cell growth rate
- Age
- Status of menopause
- Cancer is triple negative (estrogen receptor negative, negative receptor progesterone and negative HER2)
- Public health
Stage 4 breast cancer is the most serious stage because most cancer cells have metastasized alias spread to other body parts, such as bones, lungs, liver, lymph nodes, skin, or even your brain.
Reporting from Healthline, National Breast Cancer Foundation, explained that the symptoms of stage 4 cancer is highly dependent on the extent to which cancer cells have spread in the body. Although cancer has metastasized and can not be cured, patients still have to do the treatment. By receiving the right treatment can certainly improve the quality of life of patients, such as chemotherapy, radiation, or immune therapy.
Doctors will also generally recommend palliative treatment, a treatment that prioritizes patient comfort even though he suffered from chronic diseases such as cancer. The procedure is to ensure patients get painkillers, provide nutritional counseling, train relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, and others. In essence, this treatment aims to improve the quality of life of patients.
To determine the prognosis in stage 4 breast cancer patients, usually the doctor will see the age, health and hormone receptor with cancer cells (immune system), the type of tissue affected by cancer, the attitude and outlook of the patient against the illness he suffered. Not only depends on the disease, but also on the spirit of the patient in motivating themselves to heal. According to the University of
Maryland Medical Center (UMMC), there are some general facts that can help to know the prognosis, such as:
- Breast cancer causes the most death in women after lung cancer
- Breast cancer patients in the higher-income groups have higher survival rates than low-income groups.
- Many women with breast cancer still live longer than predicted. Over the past 10 years, the number of deaths from breast cancer has dropped dramatically.
The survival rate of stage 4 breast cancer patients
The survival of breast cancer patients is not exactly predictable. However, experts continue to do many ways to improve patient survival. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), breast cancer patients have a 22 percent chance of surviving for five years after an advanced diagnosis. This percentage is much lower than early-stage breast cancer.
In stage 3 breast cancer, the relative five-year survival rate is 72%, whereas in stage 2 it is 90%. Because survival rates of stage 4 cancer patients are lower than others, early treatment is very important to do.
What's the Difference Bipolar Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder?
It is often difficult to distinguish between differences in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. Bipolar and borderline personality disorder (also called personality threshold disorder) are two mental health conditions that affect millions of people each year. Although both mental health conditions with similar symptoms, they still have differences. What are the differences between bipolar and borderline personality disorder?
Differences in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder (BPD)
Although bipolar disorder and BPD at a glance look the same, there remains a difference in both symptoms. How to tell the difference?
Bipolar disorder
This disorder is called bipolar (which means two poles) because the sufferer shows two very different emotional poles. The first is mania, that is the phase or episode of extreme and explosive happiness. The second pole is depression. This second pole is the drastic opposite of the mania. The sufferer will enter a phase that is so sad, sad, lackluster, and very lethargic.
Symptoms of bipolar disorder are divided into two, namely the phase of mania and depression phase. Here is the phase phenomenon of mania.
- Can not be silent, have to move on or pace back and forth.
- Feel the jubilant excitement.
- So be more vigilant about the surrounding environment, ranging from falling goods, touch of others, to the voices that he heard.
- Talk very quickly without a clear (elusive) direction.
- Can not sleep, stay up all night but do not feel sleepy or tired in the morning.
- Acting recklessly, like frenetic shopping, arguing with teachers or superiors, withdrawing from corporations, having sex with strangers without condoms, reckless driving, or drinking.
- Psychosis, ie, can not distinguish what is real and which only exists in his mind.
- Withdraw from the environment and the nearest person.
- Losing interest in activities that were previously enjoyed.
- Drastic energy and energy losses, usually the patient can not leave the bed for hours or days.
- Talk is very slow, sometimes like a person who is rambling.
- Impaired memory, concentration, and reasoning.
- Obsessed with death, suicide, or attempted suicide.
- Diet changes drastically, whether the appetite is lost or increased.
- Constantly feeling guilty, useless, or unworthy.
What distinguishes bipolar disorder with mood swings is generally its intensity. Bipolar sufferers will show a very severe phase of mania and depression that they may lose control of their own emotions.
Borderline personality disorder
People with BPD conditions have an unstable mindset. This instability makes them difficult to regulate emotions. People with BPD tend to have a history of unstable relationships. They will try hard not to be ignored by the surrounding, in any way. This is one of the differences compared to bipolar.
People with borderline personality disorder are more likely to have other mental health problems as well. They also tend to have some type of trauma as a child compared to people who are bipolar.
In addition to having other mental health problems, BPD usually also has problems with eating disorders, body image, and anxiety. People with BPD experience emotional responses that are too strong, they often have a chaotic relationship with those around them.
A person with BPD disorder has problems controlling pikrian and managing his feelings, and often has impulsive and reckless behavior.
These are the symptoms of BPD:
- Excessive fear of rejection or abandonment.
- Feelings of anxiety, worry, and depression.
- Has an unstable (drastic) romance history of a love so profoundly transformed into hatred.
- Experiencing constant mood changes, lasting for several days or just a few hours.
- Has an unstable self-image.
- Difficulty feeling empathy towards others.
- Impulsive, risky, self-destructive behavior. For example, likes to physically hurt yourself, drive recklessly, or do drugs and alcohol abuse.
- Paranoid.
- Feelings of isolation, boredom, and emptiness.
So where is the difference between bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder?
At first glance, both of these disorders are very similar. However, the key to distinguish it is its intensity. In people with borderline personality disorder, this mood swing will continue to exist. Whereas in people with bipolar disorder, there will be a time in which they will not feel the symptoms of mania or depressive at all. They will look calm like people in general.
In addition, experts also believe that bipolar disorder can occur without a clear trigger alias suddenly appear. Different again with borderline personality disorder. In BPD, usually a mood swing or emotional outburst will appear when triggered by factors such as conflict with the nearest person.
If you suspect you or your nearest person is experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder, see your doctor immediately.
Plus Minus Treating Cancer With Immune Therapy
Immune therapy for cancer is a treatment option that cancer patients can do besides chemotherapy or radiation. The question is how effective the treatment of immune therapy to treat cancer? When done, what are the side effects? Consider the consideration of plus plus minus immune therapy for the following cancer.
Potential treatment of immune therapy for cancer
Reported by Science Daily, a study conducted by Ribert Ferris, MD, Ph.D., Head of Division of Head and Neck Surgery, and colleagues presented that nivolumab in immune therapy given regularly can improve survival and cause fewer side effects in patients with cancer head and neck. Nivolumab drugs have a higher response to tumor immune cells (TAIC) that play an important role in tumor growth
Reporting from Healthline, a decade ago, breast cancer was treated with HER2 antibodies. However, cancer cells sometimes deceive T cells (cancer killer cells) that exist in HER2 antibodies with the help of a protein called PD-L1. It happened before the immune therapy was discovered. Now immune therapy with herceptin helps bind HER2 receptors helps to stimulate the immune system to destroy cancer cells.
However, both studies have also concluded that although immune therapy helps immune cancer patients, the success rate of this therapy treatment for cancer cells depends on the level of the patient's immune cells. Immune cells that reside in the environment around the tumor, play an important role in how the patient responds to immune therapy.
But for some cases, the immune system overreacts to this therapy. That means treatment should be stopped immediately until the side effects are treated.
Side effects of immune therapy treatment for cancer
The use of safe medications also definitely has side effects, just like the immune therapy treatment for cancer. Although it is otherwise safe, following possible side effects on immune therapy treatment:
Fatigue
This is a common side effect because patients have to undergo various treatments. For that, cancer patients should familiarize themselves to train the body, for example by doing light exercise or a leisurely stroll. Then, consume enough water and eat foods in accordance with the doctor's advice. All this is done to maintain the strength and energy of the patient so as not to start fatigue.
Fever
If this happens ask your doctor first which drug you are safe to consume to reduce fever.
Flu-like symptoms
Some immune therapy drugs can make you feel the flu, such as nausea, headaches, muscle or joint pain, chills, weakness, and dizziness. In some cases also occur diarrhea and dry cough. To overcome this, asking for help to the doctor is the best step that can be done.
Skin problems
Treatment of immune therapy sometimes causes reactions to the skin. Can occur reddened skin, itching, and swelling. Blisters and mouth sores are also common. So that your inflamed skin does not get worse, use mild soap without fragrance or dye. Do not take too long and use a moisturizer. Usually the doctor will prescribe cream or antibiotics so that the patient's skin soon recovers from inflammation.
Autoimmune disorders
Potential treatment of immune therapy for cancer
Reported by Science Daily, a study conducted by Ribert Ferris, MD, Ph.D., Head of Division of Head and Neck Surgery, and colleagues presented that nivolumab in immune therapy given regularly can improve survival and cause fewer side effects in patients with cancer head and neck. Nivolumab drugs have a higher response to tumor immune cells (TAIC) that play an important role in tumor growth
However, both studies have also concluded that although immune therapy helps immune cancer patients, the success rate of this therapy treatment for cancer cells depends on the level of the patient's immune cells. Immune cells that reside in the environment around the tumor, play an important role in how the patient responds to immune therapy.
So, not all patients can respond to this treatment. The reason, everyone has a different immune cells, cancer cells that exist on the body is also different. However, for now, immune therapy is well tolerated and can continue indefinitely. Unlike chemotherapy and radiation, immune therapy leaves healthy cells without damage.
But for some cases, the immune system overreacts to this therapy. That means treatment should be stopped immediately until the side effects are treated.
Side effects of immune therapy treatment for cancer
The use of safe medications also definitely has side effects, just like the immune therapy treatment for cancer. Although it is otherwise safe, following possible side effects on immune therapy treatment:
Fatigue
This is a common side effect because patients have to undergo various treatments. For that, cancer patients should familiarize themselves to train the body, for example by doing light exercise or a leisurely stroll. Then, consume enough water and eat foods in accordance with the doctor's advice. All this is done to maintain the strength and energy of the patient so as not to start fatigue.
Fever
If this happens ask your doctor first which drug you are safe to consume to reduce fever.
Flu-like symptoms
Some immune therapy drugs can make you feel the flu, such as nausea, headaches, muscle or joint pain, chills, weakness, and dizziness. In some cases also occur diarrhea and dry cough. To overcome this, asking for help to the doctor is the best step that can be done.
Skin problems
Treatment of immune therapy sometimes causes reactions to the skin. Can occur reddened skin, itching, and swelling. Blisters and mouth sores are also common. So that your inflamed skin does not get worse, use mild soap without fragrance or dye. Do not take too long and use a moisturizer. Usually the doctor will prescribe cream or antibiotics so that the patient's skin soon recovers from inflammation.
Autoimmune disorders
Unlike chemotherapy or radiation, immune therapy does not target all cells in your body. Immune therapy only targets and affects the patient's immune system. If this happens it will likely attack healthy tissues or organs in your body, such as:
- Pneumonitis (inflamed lung), usually chest pain and shortness of breath
- Colitis (inflamed bowel), usually diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloody or slimy stools
- Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), usually dark urine, easy bruising or bleeding, pain on the right side of the stomach, and the skin or eyes become yellow.
- Endocrine disorders (hormonal problems), usually fatigue, headache, hair loss, rapid heartbeat, and sweating.
- Uveitis (inflamed eyes), the bias changes in vision ability
- Arthritis, ie pain in the joints or on your muscles and tendons.
Note when side effects appear, can be mild, severe, even fatal. For that, if something like this happens immediately check your health to the doctor. Usually the doctor will give corticosteroids to calm the patient's immune system. When severe, most likely the patient should stop the immune therapy treatment for this cancer while until the side effects are lost.
Eliminate Hair or Fur With Electrolysis, Is It Really Powerful?
Having hair or hair in an unwanted area sometimes reduces your confidence. However, now you do not have to worry, you can remove the hair or hair permanently by doing electrolysis. Want to know more about electrolysis? Check out the following reviews.
Electrolysis, a new method of removing hair or hair
Electrolysis is one way to remove unwanted hair or hair on the face or other body parts. There are three forms of electrolysis, namely galvanic electrolysis, thermolysis electrolysis, and a combination of both (blend).
Reporting from Electrolysis Hair Removal - The Facts & Guidebook, in principle, the three forms of electrolysis is the same way it works. You do this by inserting a tweezers or small needle into the hair follicle or hair, then the hair or hair is taken with tweezers. In electrolysis galvanic electrolyte rays containing electric currents stimulate the reaction in a brine solution found in the root of the follicle thus destroying the hair growth center. While on thermolysis electrolysis, electric current heats the follicle roots until the follicle is damaged.
The success rate of galvanic electrolysis reaches 80 percent and according to the FDA (equivalent to the POM Agency in the United States) this method is the most effective for removing hair or hair. The limitations of thermolysis electrolysis are not all compatible with this method because this electrolysis is only suitable for hair or feathers that are rooted superficially. Therefore, the success rate is only 10-15 percent.
Myths about electrolysis
1. Electrolysis is painful The statement is not entirely true. Electrolysis usually only causes discomfort, ie a feeling like a tingling. In some cases, a special anesthetic may be applied (topical).
2. Electrolysis equipment is permanent and can be purchased easily Launched from WebMD, electrolysis is a permanent way to remove hair or feathers. Note, however, that not all countries allow the use of such tools and these tools can not be purchased indiscriminately in different countries.
3. Hair removal cream and waxing is still better
Many other ways to remove feathers, such as wearing hair removal cream and waxing. However, hair or hair removal creams contain chemicals and bleach, while waxing treatments are usually more painful and expensive. When the treatment is done alone, it is usually difficult and messy. Consideration before electrolysis
If you choose to electrolyze, make some considerations. First, the process is done by the experts, namely electrology. It may cost a lot, but if this is not done and something goes wrong it may cost extra.
Some of the following things to note for choosing electrology, such as:
See their qualifications, such as permits and certificates of practitioners. Usually these two things are often displayed to make it easy to know.
Ask around is one of the best ways, as well as ask for advice from people who have already taken care of before. Consult first. Many places provide free consultation services. Make sure everything you ask is answered in accordance with the procedure. Usually the question includes: how the procedure, the expected follow-up care sessions; the cost of each treatment; and ask about the care clinic.
Make sure that you do not choose wrong, because there are some clinics that do not use electrolysis so that the possibility of hair or hair will grow back.
Notice how the treatment and services provided by the clinic. Cleanliness, comfort, and professional attitude need to be a consideration to determine your decision to take care.
How long is the treatment done?
Generally treatment is done for 12 months to get the best results. However, some of the following may affect the treatment you will undergo, such as: The area to be treated Density of hair growth
Hair thickness and skin sensitivity Are there any side effects?
After a treatment session there may be slight discomfort, such as swelling and redness. Usually this will disappear in a day. However, the possibility of other side effects that occur is the appearance of black spots around the pores and skin texture changes. It may also occur small scabs will usually disappear in a week.
If treatment is done properly and according to experts then there is no risk of permanent scarring (keloids). Similarly, your actions when undergoing treatment. Should choose treatment not in a hurry, wait for the skin to recover from the side effects that occur
Electrolysis, a new method of removing hair or hair
Electrolysis is one way to remove unwanted hair or hair on the face or other body parts. There are three forms of electrolysis, namely galvanic electrolysis, thermolysis electrolysis, and a combination of both (blend).
Reporting from Electrolysis Hair Removal - The Facts & Guidebook, in principle, the three forms of electrolysis is the same way it works. You do this by inserting a tweezers or small needle into the hair follicle or hair, then the hair or hair is taken with tweezers. In electrolysis galvanic electrolyte rays containing electric currents stimulate the reaction in a brine solution found in the root of the follicle thus destroying the hair growth center. While on thermolysis electrolysis, electric current heats the follicle roots until the follicle is damaged.
The success rate of galvanic electrolysis reaches 80 percent and according to the FDA (equivalent to the POM Agency in the United States) this method is the most effective for removing hair or hair. The limitations of thermolysis electrolysis are not all compatible with this method because this electrolysis is only suitable for hair or feathers that are rooted superficially. Therefore, the success rate is only 10-15 percent.
Myths about electrolysis
1. Electrolysis is painful The statement is not entirely true. Electrolysis usually only causes discomfort, ie a feeling like a tingling. In some cases, a special anesthetic may be applied (topical).
2. Electrolysis equipment is permanent and can be purchased easily Launched from WebMD, electrolysis is a permanent way to remove hair or feathers. Note, however, that not all countries allow the use of such tools and these tools can not be purchased indiscriminately in different countries.
3. Hair removal cream and waxing is still better
Many other ways to remove feathers, such as wearing hair removal cream and waxing. However, hair or hair removal creams contain chemicals and bleach, while waxing treatments are usually more painful and expensive. When the treatment is done alone, it is usually difficult and messy. Consideration before electrolysis
If you choose to electrolyze, make some considerations. First, the process is done by the experts, namely electrology. It may cost a lot, but if this is not done and something goes wrong it may cost extra.
Some of the following things to note for choosing electrology, such as:
See their qualifications, such as permits and certificates of practitioners. Usually these two things are often displayed to make it easy to know.
Ask around is one of the best ways, as well as ask for advice from people who have already taken care of before. Consult first. Many places provide free consultation services. Make sure everything you ask is answered in accordance with the procedure. Usually the question includes: how the procedure, the expected follow-up care sessions; the cost of each treatment; and ask about the care clinic.
Make sure that you do not choose wrong, because there are some clinics that do not use electrolysis so that the possibility of hair or hair will grow back.
Notice how the treatment and services provided by the clinic. Cleanliness, comfort, and professional attitude need to be a consideration to determine your decision to take care.
How long is the treatment done?
Generally treatment is done for 12 months to get the best results. However, some of the following may affect the treatment you will undergo, such as: The area to be treated Density of hair growth
Hair thickness and skin sensitivity Are there any side effects?
After a treatment session there may be slight discomfort, such as swelling and redness. Usually this will disappear in a day. However, the possibility of other side effects that occur is the appearance of black spots around the pores and skin texture changes. It may also occur small scabs will usually disappear in a week.
If treatment is done properly and according to experts then there is no risk of permanent scarring (keloids). Similarly, your actions when undergoing treatment. Should choose treatment not in a hurry, wait for the skin to recover from the side effects that occur
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